sheldon
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Boon,
Can you provide more information, for example, the bipolar model that you are using: Gummel-Poon, HiCUM, ... and the test circuit?
The following comments are for the gp bjt.
1) The dc operating point ft is a rough approximation, gm/2*pi*f*Cbe where Cbe is Cpi + Cbe,junction
2) Measurements include the full device model and other factors, Rb, Ccb, Re can effect the simulation result.
3) When you measure ft are you measuring at the frequency cross-over or extrapolating from the 3dB frequency using 20dB/dec. When measuring, the modeler usually extrapolates to avoid undesired high frequency effects, perfect de-embedding is hard to achieve. Are the characteristics of the Ic/Ib curve "well-behaved" at the cross-over frequency?
a) In general, the simulation result should be more correct, if your testbench looks like a real circuit.
b) You may want to build a more "realistic" testbench and extract the ft from the s-parameters.
c) You may want to verify that the bias conditions in the your test circuit match the conditions in your testbench.
d) You may want to review the circuit performance, for example, is the gain lower in the testbench? For example, could Re be acting like an emitter degeneration resistor, lowering gain, increasing bandwidth?
Finally, remember that even if the ft result is accurate, it may not reflect you circuits performance. Depending on what you are designing, fmax may be a better figure of merit.
Best Regards,
Sheldon
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