The $f-functions are defined in the IEEE 1364 Verilog Language Reference Manual, from which the Verilog-AMS LRM is derived.
Apparently, the AMS $fopen/$fclose system tasks are slightly different, and hence are defined for AMS in the AMS LRM, but the tasks to do anything with the opened file are identical to the 1364 definitions, and thus are omitted. I think that makes it hard to use the AMS LRM, but fixing that wasn't in the project scope when I updated the LRM to 2.2.
1364-1995 Verilog has $fstrobe $fdisplay $fwrite as well as a few special versions of these for binary data. I'm surprised that any simulator would not have these, since they've been in the language for years. (The 1995 version had only limited provision for *reading* from a file.)
BTW, the full 2.2 AMS LRM is available from
http://www.eda.org/verilog-ams/htmlpages/public-docs/lrm/2.2/AMS-LRM-2-2.pdf-Geoffrey